Best Sleeping Pads of 2024

JUMP TO: THERMAREST NEOAIR XLITE NXT | S2S ETHER LIGHT XT INSULATED | NEMO TENSOR INSULATED | THERMAREST NEOAIR UBERLITE | THERMAREST NEOAIR XTHERM NXT | EXPED ULTRA 1R | NEMO SWITCHBACK | BUYING ADVICE | COMMON QUESTIONS

Author: Sam Brilleman | Updated: Oct 24, 2023
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The Short Version

The Long Version

Your enjoyment of a multi-day hiking trip rests heavily on being able to get a comfortable night’s sleep.

In days gone by, sleeping pads used to be bulky, heavy, and thin on comfort. But with dramatic improvements in design and materials, the best sleeping pads are now lightweight, durable, and compact. And best of all… they are comfortable!

In this article we review the best sleeping pads currently on the market, focusing primarily on three-season pads (check out our guide to the best dedicated winter sleeping pads here). The majority are high quality, lightweight, air pads designed for multi-day backpacking trips. We focus predominantly on air pads because we believe they provide the optimal balance of comfort, weight, and durability.

Most air pads in the list below consist of an air pocket thick enough to protect even a side sleeper from the dangers of the hard ground below. Most are 2+ inches thick – meaning they keep your hip, knees, feet (and any other limbs you can think of) floating in a cloud of comfort. The majority use innovative designs to help insulate you from the cold ground, and modern materials that are both lightweight and packable.

 

Most manufacturers of air pads have lightweight inflation sacks that make the task of inflating the pad far less painful!

 

There are of course alternatives to air pads; primarily self-inflating pads and closed-cell foam pads. Self-inflating pads are slightly more durable than air pads, but they are heavier, less comfortable, and have a larger packed size – making it difficult to justify their use. And whilst closed-cell foam pads are much more durable than air pads – they cannot be punctured! – they are far less comfortable and do compress over time.

If you love this list of the best sleeping pads, then you'll likely love reading some of our other gear review pages:

BEST FOR: Those looking for the most comfortable ultralight air pad for three-season use

R VALUE: 4.5

DIMENSIONS (L x W x D):
    77 x 25 x 3 in / 196 x 64 x 7.6 cm (Large)
    72 x 25 x 3 in / 183 x 64 x 7.6 cm (Regular Wide)
    72 x 20 x 3 in / 183 x 51 x 7.6 cm (Regular)
    66 x 20 x 3 in / 168 x 51 x 7.6 cm (Short)

WEIGHT:
    17 oz / 480 g (Large)
    16 oz / 450 g (Regular Wide)
    13 oz / 370 g (Regular)
    11.5 oz / 330 g (Short)

PROS: Ultralight, Thick, Comfortable

CONS: Expensive, Pump sack is somewhat inefficient

PRICE: $$$

The Therm-a-Rest NeoAir XLite NXT is the latest iteration of a sleeping pad that has long been extremely popular. Most backpackers would say that this sleeping pad is hard to beat when it comes to balancing comfort, weight, warmth and packability. And we agree.

At 3 inches thick, the NeoAir XLite NXT adds half an inch of padding over its predecessor. It is thick enough to shield even a side sleeper from the hard ground. To ensure this pad remains ultralight and packs down small, the NeoAir uses a tapered cut. We find that we can slip off the pad a little bit during the night — particularly if sleeping on sloping ground — but for the most part the width of this pad is enough to ensure a comfortable night’s sleep. If you are tall (e.g. 6 foot or taller) or prefer to stretch your legs out at night then consider sizing up to the large length or opting for the rectangular NeoAir XLite NXT Max. You will add a few ounces to your pack, but the extra comfort and protection may be worth it.

 

Keen to see this sleeping pad in action? Then check out this short manufacturers vid.

 

The NeoAir XLite NXT has an insulation rating (R value) of 4.5, a nudge up from the 4.2 of previous models. Although this is not the warmest sleeping pad on our list, it is suitable for most three-season backpacking trips and will keep you warm down to just below-freezing temperatures.

Alternatively, if you plan to use your pad in high alpine areas, cold weather, or you generally sleep cold, then consider purchasing the NeoAir XTherm NXT instead — see our review below. The NeoAir XTherm NXT has the same dimensions as the XLite, but it is a much better insulated sleeping pad and only slightly heavier.

The XLite NXT has also done away with its noisy design, one of the few downsides of past models. By redesigning the pad’s interior construction, the pad’s infamous crinkling has been reduced to the point of being negligible. The WingLock valve is simple and reliable, and the pad now comes with a pump sack. The pump sack is not particularly efficient: we find it takes 10-15 fills to fully inflate the pad, compared to 3-5 for comparable models.

Pump sack aside, the performance and build quality of the NeoAir is now close to flawless, its only real downside being its considerable price tag. But given its light weight, comfort, and durability, the price of the NeoAir XLite NXT is entirely justified. Read our full review here.

BEST FOR: Backpackers who prioritize comfort

R VALUE: 3.2

DIMENSIONS (L x W x D):
    78 x 25 x 4 in / 198 x 64 x 10 cm (Large)
    72 x 21.5 x 4 in / 183 x 55 x 10 cm (Regular)
    66 x 21.5 x 4 in / 168 x 55 x 10 cm (Small)

WEIGHT:
    22 oz / 625 g (Large)
    17.3 oz / 490 g (Regular)
    16.6 oz / 470 g (Small)

PROS: Thick and comfortable, Good inflation/deflation valve, Available in a number of additional variations (women’s, uninsulated, four-season, rectangular)

CONS: Expensive, Heavier than other pads on our list, Not the most insulated

PRICE: $$$

The Sea to Summit Ether Light XT Insulated sleeping pad is a thicker and cushier alternative to the NeoAir XLite NXT, and our overall runner up for the best sleeping pad.

The Ether Light XT Insulated pad takes Sea to Summit’s comfortable “air sprung cells” design and uses it in a pad that is a whopping 4 inches thick – which is 1.5 to 2 times thicker than most ultralight sleeping pads!

The air sprung cell design, coupled with the additional thickness, makes this one of the most comfortable sleeping pads on the market. It is also less noisy than many of the other seriously ultralight pads, although not as quiet as the Nemo Tensor Insulated. Plus, all of the Ether Light models come with Sea to Summit’s awesome multi-function inflation / deflation valve, and a dual-purpose pump sack / stuff sack to assist with inflation after a long day on the trail.

At 17.3 ounces (490 grams) for size regular, this pad isn’t the absolute lightest out there. But its weight specs are impressive given the thickness and degree of comfort.

 

About 45 seconds into this video, Sea to Summit describe their novel “air sprung cell” design (…as much as it might sound like marketing fluff, it is actually very comfortable!)

 

With an R value of 3.2 it is suitable for most three season backpacking trips, although you wouldn’t want to push it too deep into the shoulder season. It is unlikely to be warm enough for any winter or serious cold weather use. For those who require the additional warmth of a four-season pad, Sea to Summit now make the Ether Light XT Extreme Insulated pad: you can find our full review of it here.

The “Extreme Insulated” version has a R value of 6.2 – enough to make it suitable for cold weather or snow trips, but of course it comes with a higher price tag and weight penalty (the regular size weighs 25.4 oz / 720 grams). And for even more variety, both the Insulated and Extreme Insulated are available in a women’s specific version with slightly different dimensions (wider & shorter) and a slightly higher R value. On the other hand, if you think you’ll only be doing mid-summer trips then there is also a lighter uninsulated model too (R value 1.2).

All in all, if you are a backpacker who prioritizes comfort, then the Sea to Summit Ether Light XT Insulated could be the sleeping pad you’ve been looking for.

Best for Quiet Sleeping: NEMO TENSOR INSULATED

BEST FOR: Those who value a quiet and comfortable pad

R VALUE: 4.2

DIMENSIONS (L x W x D):
    76 x 25 x 3 in / 193 x 64 x 8 cm (Long Wide)
    72 x 25 x 3 in / 183 x 64 x 8 cm (Regular Wide)
    72 x 20 x 3 in / 183 x 51 x 8 cm (Regular)
    72 x 20 x 3 in / 183 x 51 x 8 cm (Regular Mummy)

WEIGHT:
    21 oz / 595 g (Long Wide)
    19 oz / 540 g (Regular Wide)
    15 oz / 425 g (Regular)
    14.5 oz / 410 g (Regular Mummy)

PROS: Quiet to sleep on, Available in mummy, rectangular and wide, Pump sack included

CONS: Heavier and bulkier than the NeoAir XLite NXT

PRICE: $$$

The Nemo Tensor Insulated is the quietest of the lightweight insulated air pads currently on the market. It is a great choice for light sleepers, or those who worry about their tentmates getting woken by the all-too-common crinkling of an ultralight air pad.

The Tensor Insulated has a number of other features that add to its overall comfort, including three inches of thickness, a quilt-like baffle structure, and a softer face fabric. The newest iteration has an R-value of 4. 2, a significant jump up from the 3.5 of past models. 

The three inches of thickness is more than found on most ultralight pads and provides plenty of support, even for side sleepers. The quilt-like baffle structure holds its shape better than a vertical baffle design and provides more support on the edges than horizontal baffles.  Soft and breathable face fabric does away with some of the sticky feel of many other ultralight pad materials – making this pad a good choice when you might be sleeping in warmer weather with your skin directly against the pad.

On top of comfort, Nemo has also nailed several usability features. The low-profile multi-function valve connects to the supplied (and well designed) Vortex pump sack. The pump sack is standalone, meaning you only need to bring it with you if you want to, but it does make inflation much easier.

The valve allows for micro-adjustability – so you can dial in the exact firmness you require. And when you are finished in the morning the multi-function valve can be opened for rapid deflation, which makes packing up much faster than with a single function valve.

It might not be the lightest or warmest sleeping pad on this list, but if quiet comfort is what you are looking for, then the Nemo Tensor Insulated is currently hard to beat! Plus, it is offered in several size variations so you can dial in the exact dimensions that best suit your needs.

Best for Ultralight: THERM-A-REST NEOAIR UBERLITE

BEST FOR: Those who want the absolute lightest air pad

R VALUE: 2.3

DIMENSIONS (L x W x D):
    77 x 25 x 2.5 in / 196 x 63 x 6.3 cm (Large)
    72 x 25 x 2.5 in / 183 x 63 x 6.3 cm (Regular Wide)
    72 x 20 x 2.5 in / 183 x 51 x 6.3 cm (Regular)
    47 x 20 x 2.5 in / 119 x 51 x 6.3 cm (Small)

WEIGHT:
    12 oz / 340 g (Long)
    11 oz / 312 g (Regular Wide)
    8.8 oz / 250 g (Regular)
    6 oz / 170 g (Small)

PROS: Featherlight, Thick, Comfortable

CONS: Expensive, Not very insulated, Tiring to blow up without a pump sack

PRICE: $$$

Therm-a-Rest have taken their uber-popular NeoAir design and packaged it up in the lightest version yet. The Therm-a-Rest NeoAir Uberlite weighs in at just 8.8 oz (250 grams) for the regular size. That is crazy light for a 2.5 inch thick full length air pad.

The NeoAir Uberlite may well start to redefine what seriously ultralight sleeping pads can look like. Until now, purist ultralight hikers would generally use closed-cell foam sleeping pads since they are lighter than the lightest inflatable air pads. But at 8.8 ounces the NeoAir Uberlite may begin to change that.

Of course, additional weight savings have to come from somewhere. To get to its ridiculously low weight the Uberlite sacrifices durability and insulation.

The Uberlite does not include the so-called “ThermaCapture” layer that is found in the NeoAir XLite NXT and NeoAir XTherm NXT. The ThermaCapture layer acts as an insulating barrier, radiating heat back towards your body rather than letting it escape through the ground. Without it the Uberlite’s insulating properties are inferior.

Sleeping pads are rated in terms of their insulating properties using something called an “R value”. The higher the R value, the better the sleeping pad will be at insulating your body from the cold ground during the night. The R value for the Uberlite is 2.3 which is less than the NeoAir XLite’s value of 4.5 (our top pick overall) and much less than the NeoAir XTherm’s value of 7.3 (our top pick for colder weather). With an R value of 2.3 we would only recommend using the Uberlite in overnight temps of 50°F / 10°C or above, unless you use a closed cell foam pad underneath it.

The Uberlite also makes some compromises in terms of durability. It is made using a 15-denier nylon fabric. This is thinner than the 30-denier fabric used on the XLite. We’d suggest only using the Uberlite on a ground sheet of some form (e.g., inside a tent) and treating it with some care.

Aside from its durability and insulating properties, the Uberlite is otherwise very similar in design to the NeoAir XLite. That means it is a thick comfortable air pad suitable for side, back or front sleepers. An upside of removing the ThermaCapture layer is that the Uberlite doesn’t have the same “crinkliness” that earlier models of the NeoAir XLite (sans NXT) were famous for.

It may not be as versatile as the XLite and XTherm, but the Therm-a-Rest NeoAir Uberlite is a seriously ultralight air pad that is hard to beat for warm to mild climates.

Best for Colder Weather: THERM-A-REST NEOAIR XTHERM NXT

BEST FOR: Those who might want to use their pad in below freezing winter conditions

R VALUE: 7.3

DIMENSIONS (L x W x D):
    77 x 25 x 3 in / 196 x 63 x 7.6 cm (Large)
    72 x 25 x 3 in / 183 x 65 x 7.6 cm (Regular Wide)
    72 x 20 x 3 in / 183 x 51 x 7.6 cm (Regular)

WEIGHT:
    20 oz / 570 g (Large)
    20 oz / 570 g (Regular Wide)
    16 oz / 454 g (Regular)

PROS: Lightweight for its warmth, Thick, Comfortable

CONS: Expensive, Slightly noisy, Tiring to blow up without a pump sack

PRICE: $$$$

The Therm-a-Rest NeoAir XTherm NXT is one of the most versatile and best performing sleeping pads on our list. The NeoAir XTherm NXT is the warmer (i.e., better insulated) sibling to the NeoAir XLite NXT. Both models have the same dimensions (see our review of the XLite NXT above for more on those details). However, the XTherm NXT is rated with an R value of 7.3 (vs the XLite’s 4.5), meaning it should be super toasty on any summer backpacking expedition and even keep you comfortable well into winter.

The obvious downside of this additional warmth is the extra weight. However, the weight penalty is surprisingly minimal. The regular sized NeoAir XTherm NXT weighs in at 16 oz (454 grams), which is 7 oz (90 grams) heavier than the XLite NXT. But comparing it to the XLite NXT is perhaps not fair: the XTherm NXT is as light as most of the other three-season sleeping pads on this list, while being significantly more insulating. It is perhaps the lightest sleeping pad on the market that is actually equipped to handle freezing winter conditions.

If you are looking to purchase only one sleeping pad, and there is a chance you may want to use it in conditions below freezing, then we recommend going with the NeoAir XTherm NXT.

Although it has winter ready specs, the XTherm NXT is light enough for year-round use. We highly recommend it for those hikers who sleep cold, whatever the season. If you usually opt for a slightly warmer sleeping bag, then this is your sleeping pad to match it. If you prefer extra coverage for your bottom half, the pad is also available in a rectangular model as the NeoAir XTherm NXT MAX.

Note that if you plan to use your sleeping pad in full winter conditions (e.g., on snow) then you may still need to boost the NeoAir XTherm NXT by adding a closed-cell foam mat underneath. Even though it is officially rated for “extreme cold”, for seriously frozen ground we recommend this double layer approach since a puncture to your inflatable mattress could be life threatening if you are sleeping out on snow. A closed-cell foam mat provides a second layer of defense in such conditions.

As mentioned in our review of the XLite NXT above, the NeoAir range was redesigned in 2020 and the newer XTherm NXT model has a so-called “WingLock” valve and is sold with the pump sack included.

Best Budget Air Pad: EXPED ULTRA 1R

BEST FOR: Those seeking a summer air pad on a budget

R VALUE: 1.3

DIMENSIONS (L x W x D):
    77.6 x 25.6 x 3 in / 197 x 65 x 7.6 cm (Long Wide)
    72 x 25.6 x 3 in / 183 x 65 x 7.6 cm (Medium Wide)
    72 x 20.5 x 3 in / 183 x 52 x 7.6 cm (Medium)

WEIGHT:
    16.6 oz / 595 g (Long Wide)
    15.9 oz / 567 g (Medium Wide)
    13.4 oz / 454 g (Medium)

PROS: Lightweight, Comfortable, Cheaper than the competition

CONS: Slightly noisy, Minimally insulated

PRICE: $$

Rolling in at US$130 in every size, the Exped Ultra 1R Sleeping Pad is the cheapest air pad on our list. 

This pad may be cheaper than the top performing pads, but it doesn’t sacrifice much in terms of comfort or additional weight.

The Exped Ultra 1 is impressively light. The medium size is only 13.4 oz yet manages to supply 3 inches of padding. The comfortable baffles distribute weight evenly, making for a comfortable and lightweight pad at a great price.

But, of course, there is a catch. And that is that the Ultra 1R provides next to no insulation. Its R value of 1.3 is about as minimal as it gets. This pad is best for summer trips in mild conditions, and even then, it is probably best to bring a sleeping bag rather than a quilt, as the pad won’t really insulate you from below.

While this pad doesn’t provide the same versatility, durability, and insulation as you get with the top lightweight air pads from Therm-a-Rest or Sea to Summit, it is right there with them in terms of comfort and weight and is a fraction of the price.

Other Exped sleeping pads in this line, like the Ultra 3R, are better insulated and appropriate for three season use, but prices begin to creep out of budget friendly territory. If you are on a budget, and all you need is a reliable, lightweight sleeping pad for fair weather summer trips, then the Exped Ultra 1R sleeping pad is an exceptionally solid choice.

Best Foam Pad: NEMO SWITCHBACK

BEST FOR: Those who need to boost the warmth of their air pad

R VALUE: 2

DIMENSIONS (L x W x D):
    72 x 20 x 0.9 in / 183 x 51 x 2 cm (Regular)
    51 x 20 x 0.9 in / 130 x 51 x 2 cm (Short)

WEIGHT:
    14.5 oz / 415 g (Regular)
    10.5 oz / 300 g (Short)

PROS: Inexpensive, Can’t be punctured, Rectangular shape

CONS: Not as much cushioning as an air pad

PRICE: $

The NEMO Switchback is a closed-cell foam pad – perfect for those looking for a basement bargain, a sleeping pad that can’t be punctured, or an inexpensive way to boost the warmth of their existing sleeping pad.

The NEMO Switchback is a closed-cell foam pad – perfect for those looking for a basement bargain, a sleeping pad that can’t be punctured, or an inexpensive way to boost the warmth of their existing sleeping pad.

Although it might not be as comfortable as an air pad, this closed-cell foam pad does have its strengths. The fact that it can’t be punctured means that it can be carried on the outside of your pack, which might be a major plus for some – especially those with a low volume backpack. And since a punctured air pad doesn’t provide any insulation (if it can’t be repaired in the field), the foam NEMO Switchback does come with an added sense of safety in that regard. Plus, packing up is about as easy as it gets – just fold it up.

And although comfort might not be its major selling point, for back sleepers and front sleepers the foam dimples should provide some comfort (although nothing like an air pad). The “dimpled” design does provide some additional cushioning – and therefore improvements in comfort – compared with cheaper closed-cell foam mats that have a flat surface. But it’s nothing that will make you want to sell your mattress at home.

Of course, for side sleepers the foam will be too thin – your hip and shoulder pressure points against the ground will likely mean an uncomfortable night’s sleep.

In a world where ultralight air pads can be cringe-worthy expensive, the price of the NEMO Switchback might bring a sense of comfort to some. And on that note, the other selling point for many will be the ability to couple this mat with a three-season air pad – by layering them together you can boost the overall insulation (R values are additive) and effectively make a four-season sleeping pad for very little additional cost.

BUYING ADVICE FOR SLEEPING PADS

Types of pads

AIR PADS: Inflatable air pads are somewhat of the industry standard these days. They are the most popular option for backpacking, since they are lightweight and packable, whilst still providing both comfort and insulation where required.

They generally consist of inflatable chambers, known as baffles, and use heat-reflective materials or insulation inside the baffles to prevent heat transfer (i.e. your body heat escaping through the ground). The baffles provide structure that supports your body weight, rather than the pad blowing up like a balloon.

The pros of inflatable air pads are:

  • Extra cushioning and comfort – they often provide between 2 and 4 inches of cushioning, which is much more than foam or self-inflating pads.

  • They can be well insulated.

  • They are generally lightweight and packable.

The downsides are:

  • If your pad gets punctured and you cannot repair it in the field, then it will provide no insulation or comfort at all – this is especially critical in colder temps.

  • They can be crinkly and noisy to sleep on – although this seems to be improving with better technologies and materials.

  • They need to be inflated – although most manufacturers provide a lightweight pump sack, which makes the task much easier than having to inflate your pad using your lungs!

If you are willing to accept the relatively small risk of punctures, then air pads are likely the best choice for most backpacking trips. We’d always suggest carrying a repair kit and patches on the trail, so that if you do suffer a puncture and can locate then hole then hopefully you can repair it.

 

Air pads are lightweight, insulated, and well cushioned, making them pretty hard to beat.

 

FOAM PADS: Closed cell foam pads are the simple and inexpensive option. They are basically what it says on the tin – a layer of foam. They usually fold up or roll up, but they don’t compress to any significant degree.

The pros of closed cell foam pads are:

  • They are super durable (unless you tear them to shreds) – and can’t be punctured.

  • They are relatively lightweight, inexpensive, and provide some insulation.

  • They aren’t noisy.

  • They are easy to set up and pack down – no messing around with inflating/deflating!

That may seem like a long list of positives, but there are some key downsides:

  • They offer very little cushioning and comfort relative to air pads.

  • They don’t compress and aren’t packable – meaning they are usually too large to be stored in your pack and must be carried on the outside (which might or might not be an issue for you).

If you are someone who values simplicity, then a foam pad might be an attractive option. But for those who prioritize comfort, an air pad will generally provide greater levels of comfort in a smaller package.

SELF-INFLATING PADS: The first self-inflating pad – from Therm-a-Rest in the 1970’s – was essentially the birth of modern backpacking sleeping pads. It was layers of closed cell foam, with an air pocket in between that provided additional cushioning. These days, however, air pads provide similar or better insulation whilst being lighter, better cushioned, and more packable. So self-inflating pads are increasingly a thing of the past.

Self-inflating pads are less expensive than insulated air pads, so if you are on a budget then they might be worth a look. Plus, they do provide some insulation even if they get punctured and you can’t repair them on-trail. But for us these benefits don’t really outweigh their cons of weight, bulk, and less comfort.

 

Self-inflating pads are less expensive and relatively durable, but the additional weight and lack of cushioning makes them less preferable compared to air pads.

 

Shape

MUMMY: Most backpacking sleeping pads have a tapered “mummy” shape – similar to the design used for sleeping bags. They are wider at the head/shoulders/hips, and then taper into a narrower width at the feet. This maximizes weight savings whilst still retaining most of the comfort.

RECTANGULAR: A rectangular pad is as you would imagine – rectangular in shape, being the same width throughout the length of the pad. Many foam pads have a rectangular shape, and some manufacturers (e.g., NEMO) offer their air pads in a rectangular shape too. If you generally sleep like a starfish, or anything but a pin, then you may want to look at a rectangular pad. Of course, don’t forget that many manufacturers also offer a mummy shaped pad in a “wide” width!

 

Rectangular pads are a bit heavier, but for restless sleepers or those who like to starfish they can be a more comfortable option.

 

Dimensions

LENGTH: Most sleeping pads are offered in a short, regular, or long length. The regular length is enough for most people, however some front sleepers (where your feet flatten out) or taller people might opt for a long length. If your feet overhang the end of the pad, then they can get uncomfortably cold at night. One solution is to put items – e.g., your backpack or a dry sack full of spare clothes under your feet to insulate them from the ground. But that isn’t particularly comfortable, and if your backpack is wet from rain, it’s not going to be a great solution! I’m about 6ft tall and a front sleeper and I am much more comfortable on a long length pad.

On the other hand, if you are a true minimalist you may opt for a short, or torso length, pad. These are designed to keep your hips comfortable and your upper body warm. You can then put your backpack or gear underneath your legs and feet. It’s by no means as comfortable as a full-length pad, but it might be the desirable solution for gram counting ultralight backpackers.

WIDTH: A “regular” width differs slightly between manufacturers but is generally between 20-22 inches. The “wide” models, offered by most manufacturers, are a good choice for front or back sleepers, since they can support your entire body better – including your arms! If you have broad shoulders, or are a restless sleeper, you might also prefer a wide pad.

THICKNESS: The most common thickness for backpacking air pads is around 2-3 inches, although there are thicker air pads that are still suitable for backpacking use. A well designed 2 inch thick air pad – like the Sea to Summit Ultralight Insulated – should still prevent you from feeling the ground. This is especially true for front and back sleeping where your weight is evenly distributed.

If you are a side sleeper or tend to prefer a “super cushy” pad where you will never feel the ground when tossing and turning during the night, then aim for a thicker air pad like the Sea to Summit Ether XT Light Insulated – which has a whopping 4 inches of thickness. Of course, thicker pads do come with a slight weight penalty.

 

The sea to Summit Ether Light pads (Extreme Insulated model shown on left) are a whopping 4 inches thick. Shown here next to the original Thermarest NeoAir XLite, which was 2.5 inches thick (now increased to 3 inches in the latest NXT variation).

 

Baffle designs

HORIZONTAL BAFFLES: Horizontal baffles run across the pad and generally provide reasonable comfort. The baffles are generally quite short – since they run the width of the pad, i.e., about 20 inches – meaning they generally hold their shape well. Also, because they run across your body, you don’t really get “caught in the channels”, like you can with vertical baffles that run the length of your body. One downside is that when they are pumped up too hard, they can be quite unforgiving – kind of like sleeping on a board! But letting out a small amount of air usually increases the comfort.

VERTICAL BAFFLES: Vertical baffles run the length of the pad. They don’t always hold their shape as well as horizontal baffles, and depending on the baffle thickness you might feel the “channels” more than you would with horizontal baffles running across your body. All-in-all this might make them less comfortable than other designs, although it really depends on which sleeping pad it is – including the quality of the manufacturing and other design aspects.

AIR SPRUNG CELLS: An “air sprung cell” design –used on the Sea to Summit pads is intended to mimic the design of your inner sprung mattress at home – so you can really feel at home when sleeping out on the trail! It can be more comfortable than either a horizontal or vertical baffle design, since each of the cells are somewhat independent and therefore provide more support, better cushioning, and less “wobble”. But the additional materials required to create the cells means there is a slight weight penalty over something like an equivalent sized and insulated Therm-a-Rest NeoAir.

 

The “air sprung cells” found on the Sea to Summit pads are more comfortable than horizontal or vertical baffles, but come with a weight penalty.

 

Noise

Traditionally, inflatable air pads have been reasonably noisy to sleep on. So much so, that depending on how much silence you (or your tent mate) need for your beauty sleep – the noise of an air pad may have been a deal breaker.

The noise issue was particularly prominent on the earliest Therm-a-Rest NeoAir models, they sounded like sleeping on a collection of grocery bags or a big packet of potato crisps. The main culprit was the foil layer(s) inside that provided the insulation but made a “crinkly” sound when you moved. Fortunately, technologies are improving! Even the NeoAir NXT generation pads are considerably less noisy these days – to the point of the noise being a non-issue. It’s also worth noting that all air pads generally become less noisy over time as you wear them in.

Other manufacturers – like NEMO – are also using innovative designs that suspend the insulation layer so it can’t be heard “crinkling”. This makes air pads like the Nemo Tensor Insulated much quieter than many of its competitors – which might be a major selling point for light sleepers!

Of course if you have an ultralight backpacking tent with a crinkly floor material like Dyneema Composite Fabric (DCF) then your sleeping pad might not be the only noise issue!

Insulation & warmth

INSULATED PADS: The main goal of an insulated sleeping pad is to put a thermal resistance barrier between you and the ground. This barrier stops the transfer of heat, and therefore stops your body heat escaping in an attempt to equalize your body temperature with the temperature of the ground. The thermal barrier can be designed using insulation and/or heat reflective materials.

THE “R VALUE”: An R value is a measure of the thermal resistance of a material. In 2020, a number of brands including REI Co-op, Therm-a-Rest, and others, agreed on a standardized method (ASTM FF3340) for measuring the thermal resistance of a sleeping pad.

The short of it is – this is great news for consumers. It means you can easily compare the insulating performance of sleeping pads from different manufacturers. Based on the new standard, the R values roughly translate to the following real use conditions:

R value less than 3 – summer backpacking

R value from 3 to 5 – three-season backpacking

R value above 5 – four-season backpacking

Note that if you are interested in the details of the testing procedure then check out this video from the REI labs:

 
 

CAN A PAD BE “TOO WARM”: Although a sleeping pad acts as a thermal barrier, it isn’t designed to trap radiant heat in the same way a sleeping bag would. So, what does this mean? Well, if you use a sleeping pad with a high R value in warm temperatures, you are unlikely to feel “too warm’ (at least not due to sleeping pad). Some pads with reflective barriers may radiate some of your body heat back at you, but the amount is likely minimal – especially relative to the heat trapped by any sleeping bag or quilt you are using.

ONE PAD FOR ALL SEASONS: if you think you might use your sleeping pad in both summer and winter conditions (e.g., on snow) – and can only afford to purchase one pad – then you could go with a four-season pad like the Therm-a-Rest NeoAir XTherm NXT. Given that a winter pad is unlikely to make you overheat in warmer conditions, this might be a way to save costs by having one piece of gear for all seasons.

The downside? The extra insulation materials inside a four-season pad will add weight, and therefore you will be carrying the additional weight for no benefit in the summer months.

PAD LAYERING IN COLD CONDITIONS: Fortunately, the insulating value of multiple pads – when layered on top of one another – is (approximately) additive. So, for example, layering a pad with R value = 2 under a pad with R value = 4 will get you the equivalent of a pad with an R value of 6.

Of course, having two air pads layered one top of one another is never going to be particularly comfortable – unless you like the feeling of sleeping on a wobbly unstable balloon. But layering an air pad on top of a closed cell foam pad is stable – and quite common as a solution for boosting insulation in cold conditions.

Closed cell foam pads — like the NEMO Switchback — are relatively inexpensive, so adding this insulation under your three-season air pad is often a cheaper solution than purchasing a separate four-season rated air pad for winter outings. The other benefit of layering a closed cell foam pad and an air pad is that you have some insulation even if the air pad gets punctured and deflates – mitigating what could otherwise be a potentially life-threatening issue in cold weather.

If you’re truly looking for a winter pad or one for all conditions, be sure to check out our dedicated review of the best winter sleeping pads.

Packed size

The packed size of sleeping pads varies dramatically, ranging from the size of a small water bottle (Therm-a-Rest Uberlite), to being too big to fit inside a pack (foam pads like the NEMO Switchback). Air pads will be far more packable than closed cell pads. Among air pads, higher R values and more thickness typically correlates with larger packed sizes.

Cheaper air pads made with bulkier fabrics will also be less packable. The best pads, like those featured here, are impressively packable without sacrificing comfort or insulation. This is why high-quality sleeping pads tend to be quite expensive.

Weight

Choosing a sleeping pad is an exercise in compromises. Going with a lightweight sleeping pad means compromising on either comfort or affordability. If you want comfort while minimizing your base weight, it’s going to cost you, there is really no way around that.

We think that sleeping pads in the 1 lb range offer the best balance of comfort, weight, insulation, and durability. Going below 12 oz means sacrificing some durability or pad thickness. Highly insulated four-season pads or large rectangular models may be in the 1.5-2 lb range, which can be worth it depending on condition and your preferences. Beyond that, you start getting into car camping weight territory: 2+ lbs pads are often cheap and quite comfortable, but too heavy and bulky for backpacking.

Inflation & deflation

Different sleeping pad brands each have their own preferred valve types. The most common valves are variations of twist and pull valves or flat valves. Each has certain advantages and disadvantages.

TWIST VALVES: Twist valves are a simple cylindrical cap. Twisting and pulling opens the cap for inflation, twisting it back to seal it shut. It’s the same process for deflating. They are used on Therm-a-Rest pads, recently redesigned into their WingLock variation: the WingLock allows the valve to operate one-way, which makes inflating easier compared to classic twist and pull valves that older Therm-a-Rest pads relied on. Twist valves are simple, durable, and easy to repair or replace. However, inflation and deflation take longer.

 

The Therm-a-Rest NeoAir pads use a wing lock valve which controls inflation and deflation well but seems less efficient than a flat valve.

 

FLAT VALVES: Flat valves were initially created by Exped and are now widely used, perhaps most notably by Sea to Summit. Flat valves lay flat against the pad, rather than poking out like a twist valve. Most flat valves share a similar construction. Opening the first layer and the valve only operates one way, allowing you to inflate without any air escaping. A second layer lets you release small amounts of air with a gentle push, Opening the third layer deflates the pad almost instantly. 

Traditionally, twist valves were inflated by mouth, while flat valves were designed to be compatible with pump sacks. Now, even some cap valves like the Therm-a-Rest WingLock system work with a pump sack

Most high-quality air pads now come with a pump sack included. They allow you to effortlessly inflate your sleeping pad by harnessing the power of air compression. They also minimize the risk of bacterial growth on the pad’s interior, which can result from inflating using your breath. Additionally, pump sacks often double as dry bags, so we find the weight penalty relative to their value is usually inconsequential.

 

The flat valve on the Sea to Summit Ether Light range is super easy to use, and inflation and deflation are super-efficient.

 

Durability & care

FABRIC DENIER: Fabric denier refers to the measurement of the thickness or density of the fibers used in the construction of a fabric. It is often denoted by the "D" number, such as 20D. Higher denier values correlate to greater durability, but greater weight as well. 

For three season pads, 30 to 40D offers a good balance between weight and durability. Ultralight pads like the Uberlite, is only 15D, which will require even gentle care, and maybe the addition of a groundsheet to extend their lifespan.

REPAIRS: Even with diligent care, sleeping pads are always prone to punctures and tears. Sleeping pads often come with a repair kit that includes adhesive tape for punctures and sealant for valve leaks or patching larger tears.

If your pad slowly deflates overnight, you can apply soapy water and look for bubbling at the suspected source to help identify the source. For indiscernible pin-sized punctures, it is often easier to submerge your pad in a bathtub of water at home and look for a stream of bubbles. Mark the leak, wait for the pad to dry completely, then apply a patch of adhesive tape and you should be good to go again!

For more advice, see our sustainability guide on repairing and caring for your outdoor gear.

 

Sleeping pads are prone to punctures, but with some gear repair tape or patches field repairs are reasonably straightforward (assuming you can locate the leak).

 

COMMON QUESTIONS

What is the best sleeping pad for backpacking? The best sleeping pad for backpacking depends on individual preferences and needs. But the best sleeping pads are lightweight and packable, without sacrificing insulation and comfort. Our favorite pad overall is the Thermarest NeoAir XLite NXT, and for particularly cold weather the Thermarest NeoAir XTherm NXT. But our round up covers the strengths of several other sleeping pads that are close competitors.

How do I choose the right size sleeping pad? To choose the right size sleeping pad, consider your body dimensions and sleeping style. Side sleepers should look for pads at least 3 inches thick. A sleeping pad should be a few inches longer than you are tall (particularly if you are a stomach sleeper) and wide enough to rest on and readjust comfortably throughout the night.

What is the R value of a sleeping pad? The R value of a sleeping pad measures its ability to insulate and retain heat. Higher R values indicate better insulation. For three-season backpacking, look for an R value of 3 or higher to provide sufficient warmth.

How do I clean and maintain a sleeping pad? Cleaning a sleeping pad simply involves wiping it down with a damp cloth and mild soap. Avoid using harsh chemicals or machine washing. Proper storage in a dry and well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and out of its stuff sack, will help maintain your sleeping pad’s longevity.

MORE INFORMATION

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Happy hiking, and take care out there in the wild!